AI 医学插图给研究者用的指南
完整指南：用 AI 生成出版级医学插图——解剖、病理机制、临床照片转线稿，10 分钟搞定不需要医学插画师，含期刊声明规范。
透明度声明：本文插图由 SciFig AI 生成，由作者审核确保科学准确性。文中医学论断均链接至同行评审来源。
现代研究中的医学插图长什么样？
AI 医学插图哪里不同？什么时候要谨慎？
步骤 1: 临床照片转线稿（photo-to-figure 工作流）
对一张皮肤科损伤照片，示例 prompt：
"Convert this clinical photo of a melanoma on forearm into a labeled medical line drawing. Show: lesion borders, asymmetry, color variation, surrounding healthy skin context. Label: lesion, periphery, dermal-epidermal junction. Style: medical textbook, soft cross-hatching shading, clean leader lines, anonymized (no skin folds or hair patterns that identify the patient)."
对病理标本，工作流相同，prompt 调整强调细胞结构（上皮 vs 基质、炎性浸润 vs 肿瘤）。对内镜图像，prompt 强调解剖标志和腔体方向。模式在成像方式间迁移——变量是要保留什么、抽象什么。
步骤 2: 从文字 prompt 生成解剖图
四个常见解剖需求的工作 prompt：
| 解剖图 | 工作 prompt |
|---|---|
| 女性生殖系统 | "Female reproductive system anatomical illustration, anterior view, labeled: uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, cervix, vagina. Medical textbook style, soft pastel colors, leader-line labels, white background." |
| 消化道 | "Human digestive tract anatomical diagram, anterior view, complete from oral cavity to rectum, labeled: esophagus, stomach, small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum), large intestine (cecum, ascending/transverse/descending colon, sigmoid), rectum. Medical textbook style." |
| 骨骼系统（前位） | "Human skeleton anatomical illustration, anterior view, labeled: skull, clavicle, sternum, ribs, vertebral column, pelvis, femur, tibia, fibula. Adult male proportions, medical textbook style." |
| 主要肌群 | "Major skeletal muscle groups, anterior view, labeled: pectoralis major, deltoid, biceps brachii, rectus abdominis, quadriceps femoris (rectus, vastus lateralis), tibialis anterior. Medical textbook style, soft anatomical color palette." |
步骤 3: 创建病理图与疾病机制图
病理图展示疾病过程在分子或细胞层面如何运作。它们比解剖图更难 prompt，因为实体是抽象的（通路、信号级联），而空间关系重要（哪个蛋白激活哪个、在哪个隔室、按什么顺序）。
"JAK/STAT signaling pathway molecular illustration. Show: cytokine binding to cell surface receptor (extracellular), JAK phosphorylation (membrane-proximal), STAT recruitment and dimerization (cytoplasm), dimer translocation through nuclear pore, STAT binding to GAS element on DNA (nucleus). Arrows showing direction of signal flow. Label all key proteins. Molecular biology textbook style, layered cell compartments visible."
对其他常见病理图——癌细胞转移级联、免疫突触形成、补体激活、炎症小体组装——同样的 prompt 结构适用，调整实体和隔室。
步骤 4: 矢量画布精修标签
医学插图伦理：声明、同意、AI 在 2026
AI 医学插图在主流临床期刊都被接受——前提是声明。当前最佳实践声明有四个组件，出现在 Methods 部分：
- 使用的工具 — "Figures were generated with SciFig (https://scifig.ai)"
- 模型 / 版本 — "using the Nano Banana Pro 2K model"
- 生成日期 — "between February 1 and February 10, 2026"
- 人工审核确认 — "All figures were reviewed by the corresponding author for anatomical and scientific accuracy"
对从临床照片派生的图，同意声明是独立且显式的："Clinical photographs were obtained with patient written informed consent (IRB protocol #X-XXXX). Photographs were transformed into anonymized line drawings using AI-based image generation." 同意记录 + 转换声明的组合满足每个主流临床期刊的患者保护要求。
