Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a rod-shaped, gram-negative bacterium found widely in soil and water. It is an opportunistic human pathogen that causes infections in the lungs, wounds, and urinary tract, especially in people with weakened immune systems.

Yes. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is gram-negative, meaning it has a thin peptidoglycan layer sandwiched between an inner and an outer membrane, with lipopolysaccharide in the outer membrane that contributes to its resistance and immune activation.

It shows the cell envelope — outer membrane with lipopolysaccharide, periplasm, and inner membrane — along with the cytoplasm, a single polar flagellum for motility, and type IV pili for attachment, each clearly labeled.

Key virulence factors include secreted exotoxins, proteases, the type III secretion system, pyocyanin pigment, pili for adhesion, and the ability to form protective biofilms that shield the bacteria from antibiotics and the immune system.

It is hard to treat because it has low outer-membrane permeability, efflux pumps, and biofilm formation that all reduce antibiotic effectiveness, and it can acquire additional resistance genes through horizontal gene transfer.

Yes. The figure is fully editable in SciFig — relabel structures such as the flagellum, pili, and membranes, adjust the layout, and export it in publication-ready formats for your manuscript or presentation.