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Aortic Valve Bicuspid

Name: SciFig
Author: SciFig

A clean, editable bicuspid aortic valve showing two leaflets instead of the normal three — ready for cardiology figures, posters, and teaching slides.

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What is Aortic Valve Bicuspid?

A bicuspid aortic valve is a congenital heart valve that has two leaflets (cusps) instead of the normal three, so it opens and closes through a single fused commissure. It is a common cardiology icon used in figures on aortic stenosis, valve disorders, and congenital heart disease, often shown alongside a normal tricuspid valve for comparison. With SciFig you describe the valve you need in plain language and generate a clean, editable bicuspid aortic valve, ready to relabel and export.

Why the malformed valve is drawn beside the normal one

The abnormality is only visible as a contrast. A two-leaflet valve drawn alone is just a shape; drawn next to the three-cusp arrangement, the fused commissure and the elliptical rather than triangular orifice become self-evident.
It is the most common congenital cardiac malformation, affecting roughly 1–2% of the population, and it accounts for a large share of aortic stenosis requiring intervention — so it appears constantly in cardiology figures and needs a reliable visual convention.
Morphology drives prognosis: which commissure is fused, and whether a raphe is present, predicts the pattern of stenosis versus regurgitation and the risk of aortopathy. A drawing that omits the raphe omits the clinically decisive feature.
Echocardiographic stills are grainy and orientation-dependent; a clean short-axis illustration is what makes the leaflet arrangement teachable.
Consistency with the accepted classification matters, because a figure that invents its own leaflet naming cannot be compared with the surgical literature.

Anatomy to render and label

The normal tricuspid reference: right coronary, left coronary, and non-coronary cusps, with the right and left coronary ostia arising from their respective sinuses of Valsalva — drawn in short axis, the closed valve makes the classic three-radial-line (Mercedes) pattern.
The two-leaflet configuration itself: one conjoined leaflet formed by fusion of two cusps plus one non-fused leaflet, giving a fish-mouth systolic orifice rather than a triangular one.
The raphe — the fibrous ridge marking the fused commissure on the conjoined leaflet. Its presence (and its extent to the free margin) distinguishes a true two-cusp valve from a fused-raphe variant and belongs in the label set.
The Sievers classification, which the drawing should be able to express: Type 0 (no raphe, two symmetric cusps), Type 1 (one raphe — subtypes L-R, R-N, N-L by which commissure is fused, L-R being by far the most common), Type 2 (two raphes).
Both systolic (open) and diastolic (closed) states. The reduced, eccentric opening area in systole is what produces the stenotic gradient; incomplete coaptation in diastole is what produces regurgitation.
The associated aorta, when the figure concerns aortopathy: annulus, sinuses, sinotubular junction, and ascending aorta, since dilatation of the ascending segment or root is a companion finding requiring surveillance.

Where the illustration appears

Cardiology and cardiac-surgery figures on valvular stenosis and regurgitation — natural history, gradient progression, and intervention thresholds.
Echocardiography teaching material: parasternal short-axis views, planimetry of the orifice, and the acquisition planes that reveal a raphe.
Intervention and surgical schematics — surgical AVR, the Ross procedure, valve repair, and the specific anatomical considerations that make TAVI in this morphology non-standard (elliptical annulus, asymmetric calcification, raphe calcification).
Aortopathy and genetics figures: association with ascending aortic aneurysm, coarctation, and Turner syndrome; NOTCH1 and familial clustering.
Registry and imaging-cohort papers where the Sievers subtype is the stratifying variable and each arm needs its own diagram.
Patient-education and consent material, where the two-versus-three leaflet contrast is the entire explanation.